KopKen.Nederlands ↗

Sources & further reading

Follow the
questions further.

Books, papers and classic texts connected to our essays, paradoxes and thought experiments.

Start with a question, browse a theme or follow a reading route. Our notes explain why a source is worth reading and where its limits lie. We also include work that challenges the ideas we explore.

English reading notes. Original publications in their available languages.

Publication details and links are reproduced from the shared KopKen catalogue. These English notes are AI-assisted editorial adaptations of the Dutch notes, not a new independent review of every full text. Missing bibliographic details are marked as not recorded.

The reading library

A place to start. Room to go further.

208 sources · 9 themes · 20 starting points

Routes overlap. A source can belong to more than one route. “Article” describes a record type, not a quality rating. Reset filters

1 sources found · page 1 of 1

205 of 208 English notes match this catalogue edition

Article

Hardin: when everyone uses a shared resource

Hardin describes the tension between individual benefit and preserving a resource that people share.

Why read it?

An original source for asking how individual advantage can lead to collective loss.

Keep in mind

Read Ostrom too. Unmanaged open access differs from use governed collectively by a community.

Reference details

Title as recorded: The Tragedy of the Commons

Author(s): Garrett Hardin · Year: 1968

Publication / host: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Source language: English

DOI: 10.1126/science.162.3859.1243

KP-R-CAF754510DD4

Open source (English; new tab) ↗

How to use this library

Read the original source before relying on a specific claim. Our notes distinguish evidence, interpretation and illustration; they do not replace the source. A checked reference or working link is not a scientific quality certificate. Legal texts, historical examples and technical reports may need to be checked against newer versions.

Where a source has been corrected or a position is contested, read the connected response too. Links can lead to a full text, an abstract, a publisher's page or a paywall; access is not guaranteed.

Noticed an error? Contact KopKen and include the source identifier shown in its reference details.