Article
Using AI and explaining your own thinking
A qualitative study examines how doctoral researchers delegate cognitive work to AI and assess their own thinking.
Why read it?
Helps ask what a person can still reconstruct and explain after using AI.
Keep in mind
The study develops an explanation from qualitative data. It does not establish a causal effect or a general percentage.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Cognitive offloading and metacognitive calibration in generative AI-mediated doctoral learning: a grounded theory study of accountable reconstruction
Author(s): Lingyun Gao; Feng Zhang · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Frontiers Media SA
Source language: English
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1920947
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Research report
Keeping work going when systems fail
NIST guidance on preparing organisations for failures of information systems.
Why read it?
Makes dependency concrete: what can you still do when a digital tool becomes unavailable?
Keep in mind
The guidance dates from 2010. It needs to be adapted to an organisation's own systems and risks.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Contingency planning guide for federal information systems
Author(s): M Swanson; P Bowen; A W Phillips; D Gallup; D Lynes · Year: 2010
Publication / host: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Source language: English
DOI: 10.6028/nist.sp.800-34r1
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Article
Learning with generative AI
A contribution to the debate about education, cognitive processes and the use of generative AI.
Why read it?
Provides a starting point for exploring the place of generative AI in learning.
Keep in mind
When reading its conclusions, examine what the publication investigates and how it supports its claims.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Educating minds with generative AI
Author(s): Laura Desiree Di Paolo; Andy Clark; Thomas Wachter · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1038/s44271-026-00522-8
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Practice-based article
Jurgen Ingels: “Ondernemerschap moet in je DNA zitten maar al de rest, van pitching tot sales, kan je leren”
English note awaiting review
This source is new or its catalogue record has changed. The previous English note is withheld until it has been checked against the updated record. The source itself remains available.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Jurgen Ingels: “Ondernemerschap moet in je DNA zitten maar al de rest, van pitching tot sales, kan je leren”
Author(s): Magali De Reu — interview met Jürgen Ingels · Year: 2018
Publication / host: Bloovi
Source language: Dutch
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Article
Nagel: guessing what others will choose
An experiment examines how people reason step by step about other participants' choices.
Why read it?
Makes reasoning about other people's expectations testable in a game.
Keep in mind
The results depend on the rules, participants' experience and the composition of the group.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Nagels beauty-contest-experiment
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: www.cs.princeton.edu
Source language: English
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Reference work
An introduction to Nietzsche
An overview of Nietzsche's work, major themes and debates about their interpretation.
Why read it?
Helps place statements by Nietzsche in a wider context.
Keep in mind
The overview discusses other texts. Consult Nietzsche's own work when using a specific passage.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Friedrich Nietzsche
Author(s): Anderson, R. Lanier · Year: 2017
Publication / host: plato.stanford.edu
Source language: English
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Book
Putnam: brains in a vat
Putnam uses the thought experiment of brains in a vat to examine meaning, reference and doubt.
Why read it?
An original source for asking how we know that experience refers to an external world.
Keep in mind
The scenario serves a philosophical argument. Putnam is not claiming that we actually live in such a situation.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Reason, Truth and History
Author(s): Hilary Putnam · Year: 1981
Publication / host: Cambridge University Press
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511625398
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Article
Apparent agreement in a group
Research into illusions of agreement when groups determine requirements for an information system.
Why read it?
Encourages further questions when everyone appears to agree.
Keep in mind
The study concerns a particular form of collaboration. The pattern need not occur in every group decision.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Investigating illusions of agreement in group requirements determination
Author(s): Glenn J. Browne; Radha Appan; Roozmehr Safi; Vidhya Mellarkod · Year: 2018
Publication / host: Elsevier BV
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1016/j.im.2018.05.013
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Article
Berkson: selection can create an association
Berkson examines how hospital data can give a distorted picture of associations in the wider population.
Why read it?
An original source for asking how data selection can shape a finding.
Keep in mind
The bias depends on how people come to be included in the group being studied.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Limitations of the Application of Fourfold Table Analysis to Hospital Data
Author(s): Joseph Berkson · Year: 1946
Publication / host: JSTOR
Source language: English
DOI: 10.2307/3002000
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Book
What does scientific understanding mean?
Henk de Regt examines how scientists achieve understanding and what makes a theory intelligible to them.
Why read it?
Explores the difference between having a useful answer and understanding how something works.
Keep in mind
The link leads to the publisher's page. Access to the full book may require payment.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Wat betekent wetenschappelijk begrijpen?
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: global.oup.com
Source language: English
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Article
When can AI deserve trust?
A philosophical article critically examines common reasons for rejecting trust in AI.
Why read it?
Offers a counterpoint to the idea that trust in AI is always misplaced.
Keep in mind
The author defends a position in a debate. The reliability of a particular system requires a separate assessment.
Reference details
Title as recorded: A dilemma for skeptics of trustworthy AI
Author(s): Madeleine Ransom; Nicole Menard · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s43681-026-01388-6
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Tool
AI as a tool for fact-checkers
Full Fact describes how technology helps journalists identify and track checkable claims.
Why read it?
Shows a concrete use of AI to support fact-checking.
Keep in mind
Full Fact is describing its own practice. This does not establish that AI can check every fact independently.
Reference details
Title as recorded: AI als hulpmiddel voor factcheckers
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: fullfact.org
Source language: English
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Article
Wittgenstein on personal experience
Lecture notes on experience, language and what we can say about our inner sensations.
Why read it?
Explores how we use words to discuss personal experience.
Keep in mind
Consider how these historical notes were collected and edited.
Reference details
Title as recorded: II: Notes for Lectures on "Private Experience" and "Sense Data"
Author(s): Ludwig Wittgenstein · Year: 1968
Publication / host: JSTOR
Source language: English
DOI: 10.2307/2183568
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Reference work
How science depends on other people
An overview of the role of collaboration, trust and criticism in developing scientific knowledge.
Why read it?
Helps explain why scientific knowledge also depends on others.
Keep in mind
The overview covers several positions. They do not form a single, agreed theory.
Reference details
Title as recorded: The Social Dimensions of Scientific Knowledge
Author(s): Longino, Helen · Year: 2002
Publication / host: plato.stanford.edu
Source language: English
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Guidance
Keeping people in view when assessing algorithms
The Netherlands Court of Audit describes how to keep the people affected by algorithms in view when assessing them.
Why read it?
Provides questions for considering the people behind an algorithmic decision.
Keep in mind
The questions support assessment. Actual effects on people still need to be investigated.
Reference details
Title as recorded: De menselijke maat bij algoritmes
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: www.rekenkamer.nl
Source language: Dutch
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Article
Language models that follow other answers
This study examines the extent to which language models adjust their answers to those of others.
Why read it?
Explores whether multiple AI answers provide genuinely independent challenges.
Keep in mind
Behaviour in a test does not establish that a language model experiences human social pressure.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Conformity in Large Language Models
Author(s): Xiaochen Zhu; Caiqi Zhang; Tom Stafford; Nigel Collier; Andreas Vlachos · Year: 2025
Publication / host: Association for Computational Linguistics
Source language: English
DOI: 10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.195
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Preprint
Programming with AI while building your own skills
An experiment examines AI assistance with programming tasks and what participants learn themselves.
Why read it?
Helps distinguish faster delivery from developing a skill.
Keep in mind
This is a preprint with a limited participant group. Its results do not establish how all developers learn over the long term.
Reference details
Title as recorded: How AI Impacts Skill Formation
Author(s): Shen, Judy Hanwen; Tamkin, Alex · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: arxiv.org
Source language: English
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Article
Arrow: the limits of collective choice
Arrow examines whether individual preferences can be combined into a collective choice that meets several reasonable requirements.
Why read it?
An original source for asking why fair collective decisions can be difficult.
Keep in mind
The impossibility result holds under precisely specified mathematical conditions.
Reference details
Title as recorded: A Difficulty in the Concept of Social Welfare
Author(s): Kenneth J. Arrow · Year: 1950
Publication / host: University of Chicago Press
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1086/256963
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