Article
When can someone be held responsible?
This philosophical analysis asks under what conditions someone can be held morally responsible when algorithms are involved.
Why read it?
Helps examine the conditions for responsibility before attributing it.
Keep in mind
The article investigates concepts and conditions. It does not establish fault in a particular case.
Reference details
Title as recorded: When responsibility cannot arise: algorithmic mediation and the preconditions of moral imputability
Author(s): Åke Elden · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s43681-026-01359-x
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Article
Resistance to AI and room for independent judgement
A proposal for democratic, human-centred AI governance that examines relationships between people and systems.
Why read it?
Provides background for asking how much room people retain to challenge AI.
Keep in mind
The authors advocate a particular approach. The effectiveness of specific measures requires separate investigation.
Reference details
Title as recorded: AI resistance and epistemic agency: toward a relational framework for democratic and human-centered AI governance
Author(s): Faisal Saeed Malik · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s43681-026-01396-6
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Article
Where does one colour end?
An experiment examines how vague colour boundaries and the order of observations influence colour naming.
Why read it?
Connects a philosophical question about vague boundaries with research on colour perception.
Keep in mind
The study concerns a particular perceptual task. It does not resolve the sorites paradox.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Vagueness and Order Effects in Color Categorization
Author(s): Paul Egré; Vincent de Gardelle; David Ripley · Year: 2013
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s10849-013-9183-7
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Preprint
Taking AI welfare seriously?
An argument for investigating whether future AI systems could have interests that deserve moral consideration.
Why read it?
Offers a position to examine in the debate about possible AI consciousness and welfare.
Keep in mind
This is a contested position presented in a preprint. Read critiques that centre human interests alongside it.
Reference details
Title as recorded: AI-welzijn serieus nemen?
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: arxiv.org
Source language: English
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Research report
Algorithms as managers
An OECD report describes employers' accounts of using algorithms to organise and manage work.
Why read it?
Helps discuss how algorithms influence everyday working relationships.
Keep in mind
The survey captures employers' perspectives. It does not represent all workers or establish causal effects.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Algoritmisch management op het werk
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: www.oecd.org
Source language: English
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Article
What language models know — and what we expect
This study compares what language models know with what people believe those models know.
Why read it?
Helps compare expectations of AI with its actual capabilities.
Keep in mind
The assessment concerns particular models and tasks. It is not a ranking that applies to every use.
Reference details
Title as recorded: What large language models know and what people think they know
Author(s): Steyvers, Mark; Tejeda, Heliodoro; Kumar, Aakriti; Belem, Catarina; Karny, Sheer; Hu, Xinyue; Mayer, Lukas W.; Smyth, Padhraic · Year: 2025
Publication / host: Nature Publishing Group
Source language: English
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Article
Nietzsche on affirming your fate
Huddleston examines Nietzsche's amor fati: affirming one's own life and fate.
Why read it?
Offers further reading on our relationship with the past and our circumstances.
Keep in mind
This is a philosophical interpretation. Amor fati need not mean accepting harmful circumstances without criticism.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Nietzsche on Amor Fati
Author(s): Andrew Huddleston · Year: 2025
Publication / host: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1515/agph-2024-0040
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Article
The paradox of the preface
Makinson asks how we can believe each statement in a book while expecting that the book contains an error somewhere.
Why read it?
Helps explore confidence in individual statements alongside doubt about the whole.
Keep in mind
The paradox concerns our capacity to be mistaken. It does not justify accepting contradictions without examination.
Reference details
Title as recorded: The paradox of the preface
Author(s): D. C. Makinson · Year: 1965
Publication / host: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1093/analys/25.6.205
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Preprint
Investigating consciousness in AI
Butlin and colleagues draw on scientific theories of consciousness to investigate possible indicators of consciousness in AI.
Why read it?
Provides a way to make questions about AI consciousness more precise.
Keep in mind
The report proposes a research approach. The indicators do not, by themselves, prove consciousness.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Consciousness in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Science of Consciousness
Author(s): Butlin, Patrick; Long, Robert; Elmoznino, Eric; Bengio, Yoshua; Birch, Jonathan; Constant, Axel; Deane, George; Fleming, Stephen M.; Frith, Chris; Ji, Xu; Kanai, Ryota; Klein, Colin; Lindsay, Grace; Michel, Matthias; Mudrik, Liad; Peters, Megan A. K.; Schwitzgebel, Eric; Simon, Jonathan; VanRullen, Rufin · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: arxiv.org
Source language: English
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Article
What can a test score tell us?
Kane describes how interpretations and uses of test scores need to be justified.
Why read it?
Helps look beyond a number when assessing knowledge and skills.
Keep in mind
The evidence needed depends on the decision the score will inform.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Validating the Interpretations and Uses of Test Scores
Author(s): Michael T. Kane · Year: 2013
Publication / host: Wiley
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1111/jedm.12000
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Article
Generative AI at work
A field study examines AI assistance in customer support and differences in outcomes between employees.
Why read it?
Explores who benefits from AI assistance and what people learn from it.
Keep in mind
The study concerns one working environment. Higher productivity does not, by itself, establish lasting expertise.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Generative AI at Work
Author(s): Erik Brynjolfsson; Danielle Li; Lindsey Raymond · Year: 2025
Publication / host: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjae044
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Article
Thinking with people and tools
Hollan, Hutchins and Kirsh examine how cognitive work can be distributed across people and the tools they use.
Why read it?
Helps approach knowledge work as a shared activity.
Keep in mind
This perspective still requires investigating who knows and does what in each particular setting.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Distributed cognition
Author(s): James Hollan; Edwin Hutchins; David Kirsh · Year: 2000
Publication / host: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1145/353485.353487
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Article
Designing rewards and incentives thoughtfully
This review brings together ideas from economics, control theory and machine learning about influencing behaviour.
Why read it?
Provides background for asking why a well-intended reward can backfire.
Keep in mind
An incentive's effects need to be investigated in context. The familiar cobra anecdote serves, at most, as an illustration.
Reference details
Title as recorded: A Perspective on Incentive Design: Challenges and Opportunities
Author(s): Lillian J. Ratliff; Roy Dong; Shreyas Sekar; Tanner Fiez · Year: 2019
Publication / host: Annual Reviews
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-control-053018-023634
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Article
What Mary did not know
Jackson clarifies his argument about the difference between a complete description of an experience and having that experience.
Why read it?
Develops the thought experiment of Mary’s room.
Keep in mind
Read responses to the argument and the later text in which Jackson revises his position.
Reference details
Title as recorded: What Mary Didn't Know
Author(s): Frank Jackson · Year: 1986
Publication / host: Philosophy Documentation Center
Source language: English
DOI: 10.2307/2026143
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Article
AI as a technology for knowledge
Alvarado discusses AI in terms of its role in acquiring, developing and assessing knowledge.
Why read it?
Helps describe more precisely the role AI takes in what we know.
Keep in mind
The article develops concepts. AI reliability needs to be investigated for each application.
Reference details
Title as recorded: AI as an Epistemic Technology
Author(s): Ramón Alvarado · Year: 2023
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s11948-023-00451-3
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Research report
NIST: assessing and managing AI risks
A public framework for identifying, assessing and managing AI risks.
Why read it?
Provides a structured way to ask questions about AI risks.
Keep in mind
The framework is voluntary. Using it is not a certificate or a guarantee of safety.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)
Author(s): Elham Tabassi · Year: 2023
Publication / host: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.6028/nist.ai.100-1
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Classic text
Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta: what do we call a self?
An early Buddhist text on the self and different aspects of experience.
Why read it?
Offers another starting point for asking what we mean when we say “I”.
Keep in mind
This is an English translation from a religious and philosophical tradition. Read it with that background in mind.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta: wat noemen we een zelf?
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: www.dhammatalks.org
Source language: English
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Article
Why employees stay silent
Morrison and Milliken examine how organisations can create conditions in which employees do not speak up.
Why read it?
Helps ask what knowledge and criticism an organisation never hears.
Keep in mind
The article develops a theoretical explanation. Silence can have several causes.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World
Author(s): Elizabeth Wolfe Morrison; Frances J. Milliken · Year: 2000
Publication / host: Academy of Management
Source language: English
DOI: 10.2307/259200
KP-R-5F2F90F79386
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