Article
Voluntary dependency as a game-theoretic problem
A model examines how individual choices may collectively reinforce dependency on AI.
Why read it?
Helps explore the move from individual decisions to shared consequences.
Keep in mind
The model rests on assumptions. It does not measure how people currently behave.
Reference details
Title as recorded: The Tragedy of Voluntary Servitude: a game-theoretic model of cognitive dependency in the age of artificial intelligence
Author(s): Taylor Collins · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s00146-026-03309-x
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Reference work
Remaining the same while changing
An overview of when something remains the same despite changes in its properties or parts.
Why read it?
Provides background for the Ship of Theseus and other questions about identity.
Keep in mind
Different philosophical theories offer different answers.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Identiteit doorheen de tijd
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: plato.stanford.edu
Source language: English
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Article
How healthcare professionals assess AI information
A study examines how hearing-care professionals work with AI-generated information.
Why read it?
Shows how specialists can exercise their own judgement when working with AI.
Keep in mind
The findings come from one professional setting. Their relevance elsewhere needs separate examination.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Keeping AI in check: how clinicians govern AI-generated knowledge in hearing care
Author(s): Rania Alkahtani; Shalini Talwar; Hadeel Alsaleh; Abhishek Bhushan Singhal · Year: 2026
Publication / host: Emerald
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1108/jkm-03-2026-0590
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Article
Visibility is not yet understanding
Ananny and Crawford examine whether openness about algorithms is enough to make them accountable.
Why read it?
Helps ask what information about a system actually enables us to check.
Keep in mind
Their critique concerns the idea that transparency is sufficient. It does not reject openness in itself.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Seeing without knowing: Limitations of the transparency ideal and its application to algorithmic accountability
Author(s): Mike Ananny; Kate Crawford · Year: 2018
Publication / host: SAGE Publications
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1177/1461444816676645
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ArticleCounterpoint
Robot rights or human interests?
Birhane and Van Dijk centre human relationships and power relations in the debate about robot rights.
Why read it?
Offers a counterpoint to proposals for granting rights to robots or AI systems.
Keep in mind
The authors defend a moral position. Read it alongside other views in the debate.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Robot Rights?
Author(s): Abeba Birhane; Jelle van Dijk · Year: 2020
Publication / host: ACM
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1145/3375627.3375855
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Article
Being smarter does not confer the right to decide
Himma examines the relationship between expertise and legitimate authority.
Why read it?
Explores why a better answer does not necessarily confer decision-making authority.
Keep in mind
The article addresses a question in legal philosophy. It does not determine who has authority in a particular case.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Just 'Cause You're Smarter than Me Doesn't Give You a Right to Tell Me What to Do: Legitimate Authority and the Normal Justification Thesis
Author(s): K. E. Himma · Year: 2005
Publication / host: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gql013
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Article
Unintended consequences of measuring performance
A literature review examines how and why performance-management systems can prompt unintended behaviour.
Why read it?
Provides background for asking what people do once their work is assessed through numbers.
Keep in mind
The review helps identify patterns. It does not predict what will happen in every organisation.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Reviewing and Theorizing the Unintended Consequences of Performance Management Systems
Author(s): Monica Franco‐Santos; David Otley · Year: 2018
Publication / host: Wiley
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1111/ijmr.12183
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Article
Simpson's paradox in recommendation systems
Research on how aggregated evaluation scores can give a misleading picture of recommendation systems.
Why read it?
Shows a technical application of Simpson's paradox.
Keep in mind
Which groups need to be distinguished depends on the question being asked.
Reference details
Title as recorded: The Simpson’s Paradox in the Offline Evaluation of Recommendation Systems
Author(s): Amir H. Jadidinejad; Craig Macdonald; Iadh Ounis · Year: 2022
Publication / host: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1145/3458509
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Article
How the AI Act seeks to support trust
This analysis examines how European AI rules seek to shape relationships around knowledge and trust.
Why read it?
Provides background on the relationship between regulation, information and trust in AI.
Keep in mind
This is an academic interpretation from 2024. Consult official legislation for the rules currently applicable.
Reference details
Title as recorded: How the EU AI Act Seeks to Establish an Epistemic Environment of Trust
Author(s): Calvin Wai-Loon Ho; Karel Caals · Year: 2024
Publication / host: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1007/s41649-024-00304-6
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Article
Does new knowledge change your memory?
Hoffrage and colleagues investigate whether updating knowledge explains why we later feel that we knew something all along.
Why read it?
Explores how we remember earlier judgements once we know the outcome.
Keep in mind
The explanation was examined through particular tasks. Other explanations of the phenomenon also exist.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Hindsight bias: A by-product of knowledge updating?
Author(s): Ulrich Hoffrage; Ralph Hertwig; Gerd Gigerenzer · Year: 2000
Publication / host: American Psychological Association (APA)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.26.3.566
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Article
Tracing how a decision was reached
An approach to tracing data and their dependencies so that decisions can be investigated.
Why read it?
Helps specify what records are needed to understand a decision afterwards.
Keep in mind
Being able to reconstruct a decision does not make it correct or fair.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Decision Provenance: Harnessing Data Flow for Accountable Systems
Author(s): Jatinder Singh; Jennifer Cobbe; Chris Norval · Year: 2019
Publication / host: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1109/access.2018.2887201
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Preprint
Responsible research into AI consciousness
Butlin and Lappas propose principles for carefully investigating possible consciousness in AI.
Why read it?
Offers starting points for studying a difficult question without premature conclusions.
Keep in mind
The proposal concerns how research could be conducted. It does not establish that an existing system is conscious.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Principles for Responsible AI Consciousness Research
Author(s): Butlin, Patrick; Lappas, Theodoros · Year: Not recorded
Publication / host: arxiv.org
Source language: English
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Article
Ellsberg: known and unknown probabilities
Through his urn examples, Ellsberg explores why we often prefer choices whose probabilities are known.
Why read it?
An original source for the distinction between risk with known probabilities and ambiguity about probabilities.
Keep in mind
The examples challenge assumptions about decision-making. They do not provide a universal rule for sensible choices.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms
Author(s): Daniel Ellsberg · Year: 1961
Publication / host: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.2307/1884324
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Article
What mental states are not
Block and Fodor examine how far a functional description of mental states can take us.
Why read it?
Provides background for asking whether describing functions also explains experience.
Keep in mind
This is a technical philosophical article, not a test of whether a being or system is conscious.
Reference details
Title as recorded: What Psychological States are Not
Author(s): N. J. Block; J. A. Fodor · Year: 1972
Publication / host: JSTOR
Source language: English
DOI: 10.2307/2183991
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Article
What AI does for writing tasks
Noy and Zhang examine productivity and quality in professional writing tasks with AI assistance.
Why read it?
Helps distinguish improved output from lasting learning and broader labour-market effects.
Keep in mind
The study measures short-term performance. It does not directly measure learning or subsequent effects on jobs.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence
Author(s): Shakked Noy; Whitney Zhang · Year: 2023
Publication / host: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2586
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ArticleStarting point
The original Simpson's paradox
Simpson examines how the association between two characteristics may differ when groups are considered together or separately.
Why read it?
An original source for surprising differences between subgroup and aggregate figures.
Keep in mind
A statistical association does not, by itself, establish a cause.
Reference details
Title as recorded: The Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables
Author(s): E. H. Simpson · Year: 1951
Publication / host: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00088.x
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Article
Correction to the study of AI and mathematics learning
The official correction notice for Bastani and colleagues' study of AI assistance and independent learning.
Why read it?
Ensures that the learning study is read with its published correction.
Keep in mind
Read the notice together with the study. It is not a new, independent experiment.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Correction for Bastani et al., Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics
Author(s): Not recorded · Year: 2025
Publication / host: National Academy of Sciences
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2518204122
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Article
Using, misusing or avoiding automation
Parasuraman and Riley distinguish different ways in which the use of automation can go wrong.
Why read it?
Helps move beyond a simple choice between using AI and not using it.
Keep in mind
The article predates generative AI. Differences between systems matter when applying it.
Reference details
Title as recorded: Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse
Author(s): Raja Parasuraman; Victor Riley · Year: 1997
Publication / host: SAGE Publications
Source language: English
DOI: 10.1518/001872097778543886
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